HTML Guide
Hash (#) characters can be used in an href attribute to link to a specific part of a document.
For example, if we have this page with several sections, each of them marked with an ID:
<h1>Frequently Asked Questions</h1>
<h2 id="pricing">Pricing</h2>
<p>All about pricing...</p>
<h2 id="terms">Terms</h2>
<p>You can find our terms at...</p>
<h2 id="guarantee">Guarantee</h2>
<p>We offer a guarantee...</p>
You can link to a specific part of that document, for example if this page URL is /faqs and you want to link to the Guarantee section you could use:
<a href="/faqs#guarantee">Guarantee</a>Or, if you’re linking from inside the same document, for example in a table of contents, you could just use:
<a href="#guarantee">Guarantee</a>
As there can only be one fragment in an URL, the # character should only be used once. The following would be an invalid href:
<a href="/faqs#guarantee#pricing">Bad</a>
If needed, the # could be encoded as %23.
Learn more:
Related W3C validator issues
The href attribute of an <a> element contains an invalid character, that should be properly encoded as a URI percent-encoded character.
The href attribute of the a element contains an invalid backslash character, which is not permitted in URLs.
According to the WHATWG HTML living standard, the href attribute must contain a valid URL. URLs use forward slashes (/) for path separators, and backslashes are not allowed as they can cause browsers and validators to misinterpret the address. Backslashes often arise when file paths are copied from Windows environments.
Correct Usage:
- Always use forward slashes / in your URLs.
- Remove any backslashes from href values.
Example of incorrect usage:
<a href="images\picture.jpg">View Picture</a>Corrected example:
<a href="images/picture.jpg">View Picture</a>Space characters are not allowed in href attributes. Instead, they should be converted to %20. In this example, the first line is invalid and the second is valid:
<a href="https://example.com#some term">invalid</a>
<a href="https://example.com#some%20term">valid</a>The href attribute on an <a> tag contains an space, which is not allowed. Consider replacing space characters with “%20”.
The attribute value in the href on the <a> element contains invalid characters.
HTML links require a valid URL as the value of the href attribute. Brackets ([, ]) are not allowed in attribute values.
Example of invalid usage:
<a href="mailto:[user@example.com]">Email Us</a>Correct usage:
<a href="mailto:user@example.com">Email Us</a>If you are using a template variable to create the links, be sure the template engine properly outputs a valid address in the final HTML.
Example using pseudocode for a templating engine (replace with your syntax as needed):
<a href="mailto:{{ address }}">Email Us</a>Correct, fully rendered HTML after the template variable is replaced:
<a href="mailto:user@example.com">Email Us</a>An href attribute on an a element contains an invalid URL that has space characters in the domain.
The domain in a URL cannot contain space characters, for example the following are invalid:
<a href="http://my domain.com">link</a>
<a href="http://my%20domain.com">link</a>An illegal character has been found for the “href” attribute on the “link” element.
To fix this issue, find the “link” element in question and make sure that the “href” attribute contains a valid URL without any illegal characters.
Here’s some example HTML code of a link element:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Webpage</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/main.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my webpage!</h1>
<p>Here is some content...</p>
</body>
</html>In the above example, the link element has a valid href attribute value of styles/main.css. Make sure that your href attribute values don’t contain any illegal characters.
The href attribute on an a tag expects a valid URL, but only http(s):// was found.
<a> tags can be used to link to an email address using the mailto protocol in the href attribute. Ensure that there is no space in the email address.
<a href="mailto: liza@example.com">This is wrong as it contains an space</a>
<a href="mailto:liza@example.com">This is OK</a>The W3C HTML Validator issue you encountered indicates that the URL provided in the href attribute of an anchor (<a>) element is not formatted correctly.
How to Fix the Issue
- Check the Protocol: For a valid URL, make sure that after https: there are two slashes (//).
- Update the URL: Correct the URL format to include the missing slash.
Example of Incorrect HTML
Here is an example of the code that would trigger the validation error:
<a href="https:/example.comf">Example</a>Corrected HTML
Here’s how the corrected code should look:
<a href="https://example.com">Example</a>Summary
Make sure that all URLs within href attributes are correctly formatted with both slashes following the protocol (https:// or http://).