HTML Checking for Large Sites
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An element with “role=tab” must be contained in, or owned by, an element with “role=tablist”.
Elements with the role tab must either be a child of an element with the tablist role, or have their id part of the aria-owns property of a tablist.
An element with the tab role controls the visibility of an associated element with the tabpanel role. The common user experience pattern is a group of visual tabs above, or to the side of, a content area, and selecting a different tab changes the content and makes the selected tab more prominent than the other tabs.
Example:
<div class="tabs">
<div role="tablist" aria-label="Sample Tabs">
<button role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="panel-1" id="tab-1" tabindex="0">
First Tab
</button>
<button role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="panel-2" id="tab-2" tabindex="-1">
Second Tab
</button>
</div>
<div id="panel-1" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-1">
<p>Content for the first panel</p>
</div>
<div id="panel-2" role="tabpanel" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="tab-2" hidden>
<p>Content for the second panel</p>
</div>
</div>Learn more at:
Related W3C validator issues
There can only be one visible <main> element in a document. If more are needed (for example for switching between them with JavaScript), only one can be visible, the others should be hidden toggling the hidden attribute.
Example of 2 main elements, where only one is visible:
<main>
<h1>Active main element</h1>
<!-- content -->
</main>
<main hidden>
<h1>Hidden main element</h1>
<!-- content -->
</main>Learn more:
labelledby is not a valid attribute for the <svg> element. Perhaps you meant aria-labelledby?
The aria-labelledby attribute establishes relationships between objects and their label(s), and its value should be one or more element IDs, which refer to elements that have the text needed for labeling.
Example:
<div id="myBillingId">Billing</div>
<div>
<div id="myNameId">Name</div>
<input type="text" aria-labelledby="myBillingId myNameId"/>
</div>
<div>
<div id="myAddressId">Address</div>
<input type="text" aria-labelledby="myBillingId myAddressId"/>
</div>Read more:
Due to an issue in the W3C validator, this is identified as an error but it’s not. This issue has been notified, and we’ll update our validator as soon as there’s a fix.
According to the WAI-ARIA 1.2 spec:
The aria-setsize property defines the number of items in the current set of listitems or treeitems. Not required if all elements in the set are present in the DOM.
Authors MUST set the value of aria-setsize to an integer equal to the number of items in the set. If the total number of items is unknown, authors SHOULD set the value of aria-setsize to -1.
The alert role can be used to tell the user an element has been dynamically updated. Screen readers will instantly start reading out the updated content when the role is added. The element <ul> doesn’t accept this kind of role, consider using other element like <p> or <div>.
The alert role is used to communicate an important and usually time-sensitive message to the user. When this role is added to an element, the browser will send out an accessible alert event to assistive technology products which can then notify the user about it. The alert role is most useful for information that requires the user’s immediate attention.
Learn more about the alert ARIA role:
The aria-expanded attribute can only be true, false, or undefined.
This attribute indicates whether a grouping element is expanded or collapsed.
Learn more:
A <li> element, used to define a list item, does not accept the button role.
This HTML code is invalid because the <li> elements can’t have role="button":
<ul>
<li role="button">One</li>
<li role="button">Two</li>
</ul>Learn more:
<input> elements can’t have a search role. Instead, try with <input type="search">.
<input> elements of type search are text fields designed for the user to enter search queries into. These are functionally identical to text inputs, but may be styled differently depending on the user agent.
The search role is a landmark. Landmarks can be used by assistive technology to quickly identify and navigate to large sections of the document. The search role is added to the container element that encompasses the items and objects that, as a whole, combine to create search functionality. When a <form> is a search form, use the search role on the form.
Example of a search form:
<form role="search">
<label for="search-input">Search this site</label>
<input type="search" id="search-input" name="search">
<input value="Submit" type="submit">
</form>Learn more:
The <a> element requires either a href attribute, or a role attribute.
Learn more:
A <div> element is using ARIA attributes, but its role has not been defined. ARIA defines semantics that can be applied to elements, with these divided into roles (defining a type of user interface element) and states and properties that are supported by a role. Authors must assign an ARIA role and the appropriate states and properties to an element during its life-cycle, unless the element already has appropriate ARIA semantics (via use of an appropriate HTML element). Examples:
<!-- This div uses ARIA but its role is not clear, so it's invalid. -->
<div aria-expanded="true">...</div>
<!-- This div defines clearly its role, so it's valid. -->
<div role="navigation" aria-expanded="true">...</div>
<!-- Nav elements have an implicit navigation role so we don't need the role attribute. -->
<nav aria-expanded="true">...</nav>Read about Using ARIA: Roles, states and properties.
The aria-controls attribute identifies an element or elements in the same document whose contents or presence are controlled by the current element. It must point to existing elements by their ID. Check that the IDs contained in that property exist within the same document.
ARIA can express semantic relationships between elements that extend the standard parent/child connection, such as a custom scrollbar that controls a specific region, for example:
<div role="scrollbar" aria-controls="main"></div>
<div id="main">
. . .
</div>Learn more:
The aria-describedby attribute is used to indicate the IDs of the elements that describe the object. It should reference an existing ID on the same document, but that id was not found.
The button role is used to make an element appear as a button control to a screen reader and can be applied to otherwise non-interactive elements like <div>. If you’re already using a <button> element, then it’s redundant to apply it the role button, as that’s implicit.
<!-- Instead of this -->
<button role="button">Buy</button>
<!-- Do this -->
<button>Buy</button>Learn more:
Using the <aside> element will automatically communicate a section has a role of complementary, so specifying the role="complementary" is redundant.
A single <img> element is used to embed an image, so adding the img role to it is redundant.
The ARIA img role can be used to identify multiple elements inside page content that should be considered as a single image. These elements could be images, code snippets, text, emojis, or other content that can be combined to deliver information in a visual manner, for example:
<div role="img" aria-label="Description of the overall image">
<img src="graphic1.png" alt="">
<img src="graphic2.png">
</div>Learn more:
A <li> element is used to define an item of a list, so adding the listitem role to it is redundant.
The ARIA listitem role can be used to identify an item inside a list of items. It is normally used in conjunction with the list role, which is used to identify a list container.
<section role="list">
<div role="listitem">List item 1</div>
<div role="listitem">List item 2</div>
<div role="listitem">List item 3</div>
</section>
When possible, you should use the appropriate semantic HTML elements to mark up a list and its list items — <ul> or <ol>, and <li>. For example:
<ul>
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
</ul>Read more:
The main landmark role is used to indicate the primary content of a document. It can be added to an element by using role="main", but instead it’s preferable to just use the <main> element. In that case, it’s unnecessary to make the main role explicit. Examples:
<div role="main">
<!-- this is a valid way to define a main role -->
</div>
<main>
<!-- but this is shorter and uses correct semantic HTML -->
</main>Read more:
The navigation landmark role is used to identify major groups of links used for navigating through a website or page content. It can be added to an element that contains navigation links by using role="navigation", but instead it’s preferable to just use the <nav> element. In that case, it’s unnecessary to make the navigation role explicit. Examples:
<div role="navigation">
<!-- this is a valid way to define a navigation role -->
</div>
<nav>
<!-- but this is shorter and uses correct semantic HTML -->
</nav>Read more about the nav element and the ARIA Navigation Role.
The textbox role, used to identify an element that allows the input of free-form text, is unnecessary for an <input> element of type text when it doesn’t have a list attribute.
Learn more:
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